The transition from carrying one type of bulk cargo to another is rarely a simple matter of emptying the holds and starting afresh. The residues, dust, and potential contaminants left behind by a previous cargo can have serious detrimental effects on the next one if not meticulously removed. Therefore, cargo hold preparation and cleaning are fundamental operational tasks on any bulk carrier, demanding careful planning, diligent execution, and thorough inspection. The standard of cleanliness required can vary dramatically, from a basic sweep to a near-sterile environment, depending on the nature of the next intended cargo. Failure to achieve the requiBook standard can lead to cargo contamination, commercial claims, vessel delays, off-hire situations, and even rejection of the vessel by shippers or charterers. For the Master and Chief Officer, overseeing hold cleaning operations effectively is crucial for maintaining the vessel’s commercial reputation and ensuring the safe carriage of subsequent cargoes. This chapter will delve into the importance of hold cleanliness, the different standards required, the methods and equipment used, the critical environmental considerations for residue disposal, and the final inspection and certification process.