Chapter 16: Maritime Security: ISPS Code and Practical Measures

In an increasingly complex global environment, maritime security has become a paramount concern for the shipping industry. The threat of terrorism, piracy, stowaways, smuggling, and other unlawful acts against ships and port facilities necessitated a coordinated international response. This response came in the form of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, adopted by the IMO in December 2002 and entering into force in July 2004 as part of SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (Special measures to enhance maritime security). The ISPS Code provides a comprehensive framework for cooperation between governments, government agencies, local administrations, and the shipping and port industries to detect security threats and take preventative measures. For the Master of a bulk carrier, implementing and maintaining the ship’s security plan, fostering security awareness among the crew, and liaising effectively with port facility security officers are critical responsibilities. This chapter will explore the common security threats and vulnerabilities faced by bulk carriers, the structure and key requirements of the ISPS Code, and the practical security measures that can be implemented onboard to enhance the vessel’s resilience against unlawful acts.