Section 22.3 Preparing for Dry-Docking: Scope of Work and Master’s Input
Dry-docking is a significant event in a ship’s life, typically occurring every 2.5 to 5 years, often coinciding with Special or Intermediate Surveys by the Classification Society. It involves taking the vessel out of the water to allow for inspection, maintenance, and repair of the underwater hull and fittings, as well as other major work that cannot be easily done while afloat. Thorough preparation is key to a successful, efficient, and cost-effective dry-docking. The Master, along with the Chief Engineer and Chief Officer, plays a vital role in this preparatory phase.
1. Purpose and Timing of Dry-Docking:
Regulatory Requirements: Driven by Class survey cycles (Special Survey, Intermediate Survey with underwater inspection in lieu of dry-docking – UWILD – sometimes permitted but full dry-docking is standard for Special Surveys).
Maintenance Needs: To carry out essential maintenance and repairs on the hull, propeller, rudder, sea chests, tailshaft, and other underwater parts.
Performance Enhancement: Opportunity to apply anti-fouling paint to improve hull efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, or to carry out modifications.
Major Repairs/Modifications: To undertake significant repairs or retrofits (e.g., installation of Ballast Water Treatment Systems, scrubbers).
2. Developing the Dry-Dock Specification (Scope of Work): The dry-dock specification, or repair list, is a detailed document outlining all the work to be carried out during the dry-docking. This is primarily compiled by the company’s technical department (superintendents), but input from the ship’s senior officers is invaluable.
Company’s Role: The shore-based technical superintendent usually takes the lead in preparing the specification, liaising with Class, equipment manufacturers, and potential shipyards.
Ship’s Input (Master, C/E, C/O):
Defect Lists: Based on ongoing PMS records, defect reports, and observations from the crew, the Master, Chief Engineer, and Chief Officer should compile a comprehensive list of known defects, desired repairs, and maintenance items that are best addressed in dry-dock. This is a continuous process leading up to the dry-docking.
Condition Reports: Detailed reports on the condition of specific equipment or structures (e.g., hull condition, tank coatings, machinery performance issues, deck equipment defects).
PMS Overdue Items: Identify major PMS items that are due and best carried out during dry-dock.
Spare Parts and Stores Requirements: Identify necessary spare parts, specialized tools, and consumables that will be needed for the planned work, and ensure these are requisitioned well in advance.
Suggestions for Improvements: Propose any modifications or improvements that could enhance safety, efficiency, or crew welfare.
Review of Previous Dry-Dock Reports: Analyze reports from the previous dry-docking to identify recurring issues or areas needing follow-up.
Content of the Specification:
Standard Dry-Dock Work: Hull cleaning (high-pressure washing), hull painting (anti-fouling, boot-topping, topsides), inspection and renewal of hull anodes.
Hull and Structure: Inspection, thickness gauging (UTM), and repair of hull plating, frames, bulkheads, tanks (ballast, fuel, fresh water), hatch covers, and coamings.
Propulsion and Steering: Propeller inspection/polishing/repair, rudder inspection (clearances, pintles, bushes), tailshaft inspection (wear-down measurements, seal renewal), sea chest and sea valve overhaul.
Machinery: Overhaul of main and auxiliary engines, pumps, compressors, purifiers, heat exchangers, boilers, and other machinery items as per PMS or condition.
Piping Systems: Inspection, repair, or renewal of various piping systems (ballast, bilge, cooling water, fuel, steam).
Electrical Systems: Inspection and overhaul of generators, motors, switchboards, and cabling.
Deck Equipment: Overhaul of anchoring and mooring equipment, cranes, davits, and other deck machinery.
Safety and LSA/FFE: Servicing and recertification of lifeboats, davits, liferafts, fire-fighting systems, and other safety equipment.
Accommodation: Refurbishment or repairs in accommodation areas.
Statutory and Class Requirements: All work required to satisfy upcoming Class surveys and statutory regulations.
Owner-Specific Requirements: Any additional work requested by the owners (e.g., upgrades, modifications).
3. Master’s Pre-Dry-Docking Responsibilities and Preparations Onboard: Once the dry-docking period and location are confirmed, the Master and crew have numerous preparations to make:
Documentation:
Ensure all relevant ship’s certificates, drawings, manuals, PMS records, previous survey reports, and the dry-dock specification are readily available.
Prepare any specific documentation required by the shipyard or authorities.
Tank Cleaning and Gas-Freeing:
Arrange for cleaning and gas-freeing of fuel oil tanks, ballast tanks, cofferdams, and any other tanks that require inspection, repair, or hot work, in accordance with safety procedures and shipyard requirements. This is a major task and needs careful planning.
Securing the Vessel:
Secure all loose items on deck and in internal spaces to prevent damage or movement during the docking/undocking process and while the ship is on blocks.
Disconnect or secure systems that could be affected by the loss of power or water.
Cargo Holds: Ensure cargo holds are empty, clean, and prepared for inspection or repair as per the specification.
Stores and Spares:
Verify that all ordered spares and stores for the dry-docking have been received or are scheduled for delivery to the shipyard.
Securely store ship’s own valuable spares and stores.
Crew Arrangements:
Plan for crew accommodation if they are to remain onboard or if alternative arrangements are needed.
Organize watchkeeping schedules during the dry-dock period.
Brief the crew on shipyard safety regulations, emergency procedures, and their specific roles during the dry-dock.
Safety Preparations:
Review and implement shipyard safety requirements (e.g., hot work permits, enclosed space entry, fire safety).
Ensure ship’s fire-fighting and safety equipment is accessible and ready for use, supplementing shipyard provisions if necessary.
Establish clear communication channels with the shipyard safety department.
Communication with Shipyard and Superintendent:
Establish contact with the shipyard project manager and the company superintendent who will be overseeing the dry-dock.
Participate in pre-docking meetings to discuss the work scope, schedule, and safety procedures.
Inventory and Valuables: Secure or land any ship’s valuables or bonded stores as per company policy and customs regulations.
Ballast Condition: Prepare the vessel in the required ballast condition for entering the dry-dock as advised by the shipyard and dock master. Ensure correct trim and list.
4. Input into Shipyard Selection (if applicable): While shipyard selection is primarily a company decision based on cost, capability, location, and availability, the Master or Chief Engineer might occasionally be asked for input based on past experiences or knowledge of specific yard capabilities, particularly for specialized repairs.
5. Importance of Master’s Experience and Foresight: The Master’s experience is invaluable in identifying potential problems that might not be obvious from PMS records alone. Their foresight in anticipating operational needs and potential issues that can be addressed during dry-docking can contribute significantly to a more effective repair period and better long-term vessel performance. For example, suggesting ergonomic improvements, better lighting in work areas, or modifications to frequently problematic equipment.
Thorough preparation for dry-docking, with active and detailed input from the Master and senior officers, is crucial for ensuring that the planned work scope is comprehensive, realistic, and addresses all critical needs of the vessel. This proactive approach helps to minimize unexpected “discoveries” during the dry-dock, control costs, and ensure the vessel returns to service in optimal condition.